@wonshu is referring to the actual sound you will hear depending on the instrument / sample loaded and the setting of its envelopes, and that will affect the performance more than anything else.
In the spirit of your question:
File > Project Settings > Score > MIDI Meaning
The first symbol listed is the staccato dot, and there you can adjust the velocity and length imposed on a note. The duration setting is a percentage figure, so it will interact with the note as it already exists. That is, it will not force a staccato note to any specific, uniform length. It will only modify the recorded length of a note.
MIDI Meaning is a curious function. I use Logic almost exclusively for sample playback and attempted realism, and I've never used MIDI Meaning. Over decades of reading this and other forums, MIDI Meaning is rarely discussed, and I suspect, rarely used. It lives in an odd juncture between Logic's feature-heavy MIDI/audio and notation-based programs that emphasize engraved printout.
Deeper sample-based libraries like VSL can have up to five versions of "staccato," so again, the sample is the greater arbiter of what you'll hear.